# Advanced

This section covers advanced topics and concepts for the AI SDK and RSC API. Working with LLMs often requires a different mental model compared to traditional software development.

After these concepts, you should have a better understanding of the paradigms behind the AI SDK and RSC API, and how to use them to build more AI applications.


## Navigation

- [AI SDK by Vercel](/v5/docs/introduction)
- [AI SDK 6 Beta](/v5/docs/announcing-ai-sdk-6-beta)
- [Foundations](/v5/docs/foundations)
  - [Overview](/v5/docs/foundations/overview)
  - [Providers and Models](/v5/docs/foundations/providers-and-models)
  - [Prompts](/v5/docs/foundations/prompts)
  - [Tools](/v5/docs/foundations/tools)
  - [Streaming](/v5/docs/foundations/streaming)
- [Getting Started](/v5/docs/getting-started)
  - [Choosing a Provider](/v5/docs/getting-started/choosing-a-provider)
  - [Navigating the Library](/v5/docs/getting-started/navigating-the-library)
  - [Next.js App Router](/v5/docs/getting-started/nextjs-app-router)
  - [Next.js Pages Router](/v5/docs/getting-started/nextjs-pages-router)
  - [Svelte](/v5/docs/getting-started/svelte)
  - [Vue.js (Nuxt)](/v5/docs/getting-started/nuxt)
  - [Node.js](/v5/docs/getting-started/nodejs)
  - [Expo](/v5/docs/getting-started/expo)
- [Agents](/v5/docs/agents)
  - [Agents](/v5/docs/agents/overview)
  - [Building Agents](/v5/docs/agents/building-agents)
  - [Workflow Patterns](/v5/docs/agents/workflows)
  - [Loop Control](/v5/docs/agents/loop-control)
- [AI SDK Core](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-core)
  - [Overview](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-core/overview)
  - [Generating Text](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-core/generating-text)
  - [Generating Structured Data](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-core/generating-structured-data)
  - [Tool Calling](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-core/tools-and-tool-calling)
  - [Model Context Protocol (MCP)](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-core/mcp-tools)
  - [Prompt Engineering](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-core/prompt-engineering)
  - [Settings](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-core/settings)
  - [Embeddings](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-core/embeddings)
  - [Image Generation](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-core/image-generation)
  - [Transcription](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-core/transcription)
  - [Speech](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-core/speech)
  - [Language Model Middleware](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-core/middleware)
  - [Provider & Model Management](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-core/provider-management)
  - [Error Handling](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-core/error-handling)
  - [Testing](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-core/testing)
  - [Telemetry](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-core/telemetry)
- [AI SDK UI](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-ui)
  - [Overview](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-ui/overview)
  - [Chatbot](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-ui/chatbot)
  - [Chatbot Message Persistence](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-ui/chatbot-message-persistence)
  - [Chatbot Resume Streams](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-ui/chatbot-resume-streams)
  - [Chatbot Tool Usage](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-ui/chatbot-tool-usage)
  - [Generative User Interfaces](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-ui/generative-user-interfaces)
  - [Completion](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-ui/completion)
  - [Object Generation](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-ui/object-generation)
  - [Streaming Custom Data](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-ui/streaming-data)
  - [Error Handling](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-ui/error-handling)
  - [Transport](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-ui/transport)
  - [Reading UIMessage Streams](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-ui/reading-ui-message-streams)
  - [Message Metadata](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-ui/message-metadata)
  - [Stream Protocols](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-ui/stream-protocol)
- [AI SDK RSC](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-rsc)
  - [Overview](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-rsc/overview)
  - [Streaming React Components](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-rsc/streaming-react-components)
  - [Managing Generative UI State](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-rsc/generative-ui-state)
  - [Saving and Restoring States](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-rsc/saving-and-restoring-states)
  - [Multistep Interfaces](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-rsc/multistep-interfaces)
  - [Streaming Values](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-rsc/streaming-values)
  - [Handling Loading State](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-rsc/loading-state)
  - [Error Handling](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-rsc/error-handling)
  - [Handling Authentication](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-rsc/authentication)
  - [Migrating from RSC to UI](/v5/docs/ai-sdk-rsc/migrating-to-ui)
- [Advanced](/v5/docs/advanced)
  - [Prompt Engineering](/v5/docs/advanced/prompt-engineering)
  - [Stopping Streams](/v5/docs/advanced/stopping-streams)
  - [Backpressure](/v5/docs/advanced/backpressure)
  - [Caching](/v5/docs/advanced/caching)
  - [Multiple Streamables](/v5/docs/advanced/multiple-streamables)
  - [Rate Limiting](/v5/docs/advanced/rate-limiting)
  - [Rendering UI with Language Models](/v5/docs/advanced/rendering-ui-with-language-models)
  - [Language Models as Routers](/v5/docs/advanced/model-as-router)
  - [Multistep Interfaces](/v5/docs/advanced/multistep-interfaces)
  - [Sequential Generations](/v5/docs/advanced/sequential-generations)
  - [Vercel Deployment Guide](/v5/docs/advanced/vercel-deployment-guide)
- [Reference](/v5/docs/reference)
  - [AI SDK Core](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core)
    - [generateText](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/generate-text)
    - [streamText](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/stream-text)
    - [generateObject](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/generate-object)
    - [streamObject](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/stream-object)
    - [embed](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/embed)
    - [embedMany](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/embed-many)
    - [generateImage](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/generate-image)
    - [transcribe](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/transcribe)
    - [generateSpeech](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/generate-speech)
    - [tool](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/tool)
    - [dynamicTool](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/dynamic-tool)
    - [experimental_createMCPClient](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/create-mcp-client)
    - [Experimental_StdioMCPTransport](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/mcp-stdio-transport)
    - [jsonSchema](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/json-schema)
    - [zodSchema](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/zod-schema)
    - [valibotSchema](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/valibot-schema)
    - [ModelMessage](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/model-message)
    - [UIMessage](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/ui-message)
    - [validateUIMessages](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/validate-ui-messages)
    - [safeValidateUIMessages](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/safe-validate-ui-messages)
    - [createProviderRegistry](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/provider-registry)
    - [customProvider](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/custom-provider)
    - [cosineSimilarity](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/cosine-similarity)
    - [wrapLanguageModel](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/wrap-language-model)
    - [LanguageModelV2Middleware](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/language-model-v2-middleware)
    - [extractReasoningMiddleware](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/extract-reasoning-middleware)
    - [simulateStreamingMiddleware](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/simulate-streaming-middleware)
    - [defaultSettingsMiddleware](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/default-settings-middleware)
    - [stepCountIs](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/step-count-is)
    - [hasToolCall](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/has-tool-call)
    - [simulateReadableStream](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/simulate-readable-stream)
    - [smoothStream](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/smooth-stream)
    - [generateId](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/generate-id)
    - [createIdGenerator](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-core/create-id-generator)
  - [AI SDK UI](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-ui)
    - [useChat](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-ui/use-chat)
    - [useCompletion](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-ui/use-completion)
    - [useObject](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-ui/use-object)
    - [convertToModelMessages](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-ui/convert-to-model-messages)
    - [pruneMessages](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-ui/prune-messages)
    - [createUIMessageStream](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-ui/create-ui-message-stream)
    - [createUIMessageStreamResponse](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-ui/create-ui-message-stream-response)
    - [pipeUIMessageStreamToResponse](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-ui/pipe-ui-message-stream-to-response)
    - [readUIMessageStream](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-ui/read-ui-message-stream)
    - [InferUITools](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-ui/infer-ui-tools)
    - [InferUITool](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-ui/infer-ui-tool)
  - [AI SDK RSC](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-rsc)
    - [streamUI](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-rsc/stream-ui)
    - [createAI](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-rsc/create-ai)
    - [createStreamableUI](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-rsc/create-streamable-ui)
    - [createStreamableValue](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-rsc/create-streamable-value)
    - [readStreamableValue](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-rsc/read-streamable-value)
    - [getAIState](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-rsc/get-ai-state)
    - [getMutableAIState](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-rsc/get-mutable-ai-state)
    - [useAIState](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-rsc/use-ai-state)
    - [useActions](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-rsc/use-actions)
    - [useUIState](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-rsc/use-ui-state)
    - [useStreamableValue](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-rsc/use-streamable-value)
    - [render (Removed)](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-rsc/render)
  - [Stream Helpers](/v5/docs/reference/stream-helpers)
    - [AIStream](/v5/docs/reference/stream-helpers/ai-stream)
    - [StreamingTextResponse](/v5/docs/reference/stream-helpers/streaming-text-response)
    - [streamToResponse](/v5/docs/reference/stream-helpers/stream-to-response)
    - [OpenAIStream](/v5/docs/reference/stream-helpers/openai-stream)
    - [AnthropicStream](/v5/docs/reference/stream-helpers/anthropic-stream)
    - [AWSBedrockStream](/v5/docs/reference/stream-helpers/aws-bedrock-stream)
    - [AWSBedrockAnthropicStream](/v5/docs/reference/stream-helpers/aws-bedrock-anthropic-stream)
    - [AWSBedrockAnthropicMessagesStream](/v5/docs/reference/stream-helpers/aws-bedrock-messages-stream)
    - [AWSBedrockCohereStream](/v5/docs/reference/stream-helpers/aws-bedrock-cohere-stream)
    - [AWSBedrockLlama2Stream](/v5/docs/reference/stream-helpers/aws-bedrock-llama-2-stream)
    - [CohereStream](/v5/docs/reference/stream-helpers/cohere-stream)
    - [GoogleGenerativeAIStream](/v5/docs/reference/stream-helpers/google-generative-ai-stream)
    - [HuggingFaceStream](/v5/docs/reference/stream-helpers/hugging-face-stream)
    - [@ai-sdk/langchain Adapter](/v5/docs/reference/stream-helpers/langchain-adapter)
    - [@ai-sdk/llamaindex Adapter](/v5/docs/reference/stream-helpers/llamaindex-adapter)
    - [MistralStream](/v5/docs/reference/stream-helpers/mistral-stream)
    - [ReplicateStream](/v5/docs/reference/stream-helpers/replicate-stream)
    - [InkeepStream](/v5/docs/reference/stream-helpers/inkeep-stream)
  - [AI SDK Errors](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors)
    - [AI_APICallError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-api-call-error)
    - [AI_DownloadError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-download-error)
    - [AI_EmptyResponseBodyError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-empty-response-body-error)
    - [AI_InvalidArgumentError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-invalid-argument-error)
    - [AI_InvalidDataContentError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-invalid-data-content-error)
    - [AI_InvalidDataContent](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-invalid-data-content)
    - [AI_InvalidMessageRoleError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-invalid-message-role-error)
    - [AI_InvalidPromptError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-invalid-prompt-error)
    - [AI_InvalidResponseDataError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-invalid-response-data-error)
    - [AI_InvalidToolInputError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-invalid-tool-input-error)
    - [AI_JSONParseError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-json-parse-error)
    - [AI_LoadAPIKeyError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-load-api-key-error)
    - [AI_LoadSettingError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-load-setting-error)
    - [AI_MessageConversionError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-message-conversion-error)
    - [AI_NoContentGeneratedError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-no-content-generated-error)
    - [AI_NoImageGeneratedError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-no-image-generated-error)
    - [AI_NoObjectGeneratedError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-no-object-generated-error)
    - [AI_NoOutputSpecifiedError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-no-output-specified-error)
    - [AI_NoSpeechGeneratedError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-no-speech-generated-error)
    - [AI_NoSuchModelError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-no-such-model-error)
    - [AI_NoSuchProviderError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-no-such-provider-error)
    - [AI_NoSuchToolError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-no-such-tool-error)
    - [AI_NoTranscriptGeneratedError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-no-transcript-generated-error)
    - [AI_RetryError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-retry-error)
    - [AI_TooManyEmbeddingValuesForCallError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-too-many-embedding-values-for-call-error)
    - [ToolCallRepairError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-tool-call-repair-error)
    - [AI_TypeValidationError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-type-validation-error)
    - [AI_UnsupportedFunctionalityError](/v5/docs/reference/ai-sdk-errors/ai-unsupported-functionality-error)
- [Migration Guides](/v5/docs/migration-guides)
  - [Versioning](/v5/docs/migration-guides/versioning)
  - [Migrate AI SDK 5.x to 6.0 Beta](/v5/docs/migration-guides/migration-guide-6-0)
  - [Migrate Your Data to AI SDK 5.0](/v5/docs/migration-guides/migration-guide-5-0-data)
  - [Migrate AI SDK 4.x to 5.0](/v5/docs/migration-guides/migration-guide-5-0)
  - [Migrate AI SDK 4.1 to 4.2](/v5/docs/migration-guides/migration-guide-4-2)
  - [Migrate AI SDK 4.0 to 4.1](/v5/docs/migration-guides/migration-guide-4-1)
  - [Migrate AI SDK 3.4 to 4.0](/v5/docs/migration-guides/migration-guide-4-0)
  - [Migrate AI SDK 3.3 to 3.4](/v5/docs/migration-guides/migration-guide-3-4)
  - [Migrate AI SDK 3.2 to 3.3](/v5/docs/migration-guides/migration-guide-3-3)
  - [Migrate AI SDK 3.1 to 3.2](/v5/docs/migration-guides/migration-guide-3-2)
  - [Migrate AI SDK 3.0 to 3.1](/v5/docs/migration-guides/migration-guide-3-1)
- [Troubleshooting](/v5/docs/troubleshooting)
  - [Azure OpenAI Slow to Stream](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/azure-stream-slow)
  - [Client-Side Function Calls Not Invoked](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/client-side-function-calls-not-invoked)
  - [Server Actions in Client Components](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/server-actions-in-client-components)
  - [useChat/useCompletion stream output contains 0:... instead of text](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/strange-stream-output)
  - [Streamable UI Errors](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/streamable-ui-errors)
  - [Tool Invocation Missing Result Error](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/tool-invocation-missing-result)
  - [Streaming Not Working When Deployed](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/streaming-not-working-when-deployed)
  - [Streaming Not Working When Proxied](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/streaming-not-working-when-proxied)
  - [Getting Timeouts When Deploying on Vercel](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/timeout-on-vercel)
  - [Unclosed Streams](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/unclosed-streams)
  - [useChat Failed to Parse Stream](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/use-chat-failed-to-parse-stream)
  - [Server Action Plain Objects Error](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/client-stream-error)
  - [useChat No Response](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/use-chat-tools-no-response)
  - [Custom headers, body, and credentials not working with useChat](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/use-chat-custom-request-options)
  - [TypeScript performance issues with Zod and AI SDK 5](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/typescript-performance-zod)
  - [useChat "An error occurred"](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/use-chat-an-error-occurred)
  - [Repeated assistant messages in useChat](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/repeated-assistant-messages)
  - [onFinish not called when stream is aborted](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/stream-abort-handling)
  - [Tool calling with generateObject and streamObject](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/tool-calling-with-structured-outputs)
  - [Abort breaks resumable streams](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/abort-breaks-resumable-streams)
  - [streamText fails silently](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/stream-text-not-working)
  - [Streaming Status Shows But No Text Appears](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/streaming-status-delay)
  - [Stale body values with useChat](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/use-chat-stale-body-data)
  - [Type Error with onToolCall](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/ontoolcall-type-narrowing)
  - [Unsupported model version error](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/unsupported-model-version)
  - [Object generation failed with OpenAI](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/no-object-generated-content-filter)
  - [Model is not assignable to type "LanguageModelV1"](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/model-is-not-assignable-to-type)
  - [TypeScript error "Cannot find namespace 'JSX'"](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/typescript-cannot-find-namespace-jsx)
  - [React error "Maximum update depth exceeded"](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/react-maximum-update-depth-exceeded)
  - [Jest: cannot find module '@ai-sdk/rsc'](/v5/docs/troubleshooting/jest-cannot-find-module-ai-rsc)


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